Update: I tried to format the USB drive in Windows 3 times, FAT, exFAT and NTFS (full format). Every time, the format fails about 1/3 of the way through. I’m using a USB 3.0 hub out in the open, with plenty of airflow. When I pulled out the drive, I was almost burned by temperature of the metal USB connector. There is definately a systematic problem with these drives, and this has nothing to do with Linux.