I had similar problems with my Sandisk 64GB micro sdxc when I attempted to mount the card in my Samsung I9300 International version. After formatting the card with my Windows 7 operating system my phone displayed the following message:
“SD card is damaged. Try reformatting it.”
The solution to my problem was to format my SD card in FAT32 instead of exFAT.
I did this using the following method devised by http://forum.xda-developers.com user lynkdead
CONSEQUENCES OF METHOD: 1.) this process will erase all data on the card.
2.) you will no longer be able to transfer files larger than 4gb to the card
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Place the card in your PC’s card reader and determine the drive designation (i.e., G:, H:, etc.)
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Download the fat32format utility in GUI version from here: http://www.ridgecrop.demon.co.uk/guiformat.exe. Click on the picture to retrieve the file.
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Launch the guiformat.exe.
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Choose the drive that corresponds to your SD card.
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Choose the size of the SD Card you are formatting.
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Check the Quick Format box.
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Press Start.
Enjoy your usable SD card