I had a similar problem. Windows would start to boot off my 120Gb Ultra SSD, but hang. Ubuntu (which loads faster) would boot, but then be unable to access the disk (which caused many problems, but it kinda functioned). I found that my drive seemed to work for less than a minute after powering on, seeming to make my data unretrievable. 
But I found a solution:
I put the drive in an external usb docking station, and booted off an old hard drive with my SSD powered off. If you don’t have a old drive a Ubuntu CD or flash drive would work just fine. Then I thought about which files I wanted, and planned. Then I wrote a command line which looked like
sudo mkdir /media/sdb1
mkdir ~/backup
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/sdb1; cp -r /media/sdb1/Documents\ and\ Settings/tbogue/My\ Documents/projects ~/backup; sudo umount /dev/sdb1
Then, before hitting enter on the mount/umount line (which should all be on one long line) I powered on the SSD in its docking station. Since it worked for 20 seconds, I could retrieve my data 20 seconds at a time. Fortunately, the SSD was very fast so 20 seconds was a considerable amount of data. Then I powered it down and repeated the process to get more and more data off the drive.
One might be able to do this in windows by either
A) being quick with your mouse
B) writing a script. I’m not familiar with windows scripting. It might be possible.
I’m not sure how Windows would handle the failure of the drive since you can’t unmount. You may need to reboot each extraction.
I’m not sure if this is the problem you are having, but if so, I hope this helps you get your data back.
Good luck!
